对我国脑死亡立法的几点思考

自 2 0世纪 70年代以来 ,世界上已有 30多个国家和地区通过立法承认了脑死亡标准 ;脑死亡立法有利于器官移植的开展、社会资源的节约和法律法规的实施 ;在我国脑死亡立法首要关注的问题应是制定科学的脑死亡标准和完善的脑死亡管理制度 ;考虑到我国的社会现状 ,脑死亡立法应谨慎进行     

车臣问题与俄罗斯强国战略

车臣问题是 2 0世纪 90年代令俄罗斯联邦政府最为棘手的问题之一。车臣问题的由来、发展及其解决过程曲折复杂 ,车臣问题与俄罗斯强国战略关系十分密切 ,俄罗斯确保车臣 ,一方面是为了维系联邦的统一和完整 ,另一方面也是因为该地区的至关重要的战略地位。普京重拳出击 ,取得了对车臣战争的胜利 ,意义重大 ,重塑了俄罗斯大国的形象 ,打击了以美国为首的北约 ;同时 ,战争暴露了俄罗斯的弱点 ,这也是俄罗斯发展强国战略的突破口     

通用智能试题管理系统的设计

讨论了通用智能试题管理系统的总体设计思想及其实现方法,对图形存储与管理、试题查询、自动组卷、试卷排版打印等一系列关键性技术进行了详细说明,同时简要介绍了系统的主要特点.     

WindowsNT系统安全问题探讨

尽管WindowsNT系统被公认安全性能较高,但若系统管理不当,或是由于黑客的不轨行为,或是由于NT自身的安全漏洞,都有可能使整个系统溃于一旦,本试图从各个不同侧面分析WindowsNT的不安全隐患、原因及解决方案,旨在使我们的WindowsNT系统更安全一些。     

Profiling Lady Luck: An Empirical Study of Gambling and Problem Gambling Amongst Female Club Members

This paper helps to address a deficiency of gender-specific research into gambling. It focuses on gambling participation, gaming machine play, and problem gambling amongst 1,257 female respondents to a telephone survey of 3,000 members selected randomly from the membership lists of six of the largest clubs in Sydney, Australia. Using predominantly non-parametric tests, results identify a range of behaviors that characterize the gambling activities of female club members when compared to their male counterparts. Testing four hypotheses revealed that, when compared to male club members, the females had a higher preference for bingo, lotto, lotteries, pools, and gaming machines; they gambled less frequently on off-course and on-course betting, casino table games and hotel gaming machines, but more frequently on bingo; they were more likely to display patterns of gaming machine play that maximize playing time; and they experienced problem gambling at levels comparable to males. Further research questions arising from the study's findings are discussed.     

Teachers' Perceptions of Conflict with Young Students: Looking beyond Problem Behaviors

Teachers' judgments of relational conflict are unique indicators of children's academic and social adjustment. Using a large, hierarchically nested sample of preschoolers (N = 2282) and teachers (N = 597) this study examines the individual and classroom factors associated with teachers' ratings of conflict, both before and after adjusting for problem behaviors ratings. Over half of the variance in teachers' reports of conflict with children was explained by ratings of children's problem behaviors. However, many children had more (or less) conflict than predicted based on teacher‐rated problem behavior. Older children were more likely to have conflictual relationships with teachers than expected based on their level of problem behavior. Furthermore, teachers who reported more depression and lower self‐efficacy and teachers who were observed to provide less emotional support in the classroom tended to report more conflict with students in their classroom than expected based on levels of problem behaviors.     

“三农”问题背景下的中国农村经济法律关系重构

中国农村经济法律关系的形成受制于计划经济下的城乡二元结构安排、小农经济与市场经济的深层矛盾以及权力本位的根深蒂固,从而导致其在主体、内容、客体方面存在着许多先天不足。但同时,经济法律关系也必然随着政治、经济、思想基础的变化发展产生重构的现实要求。在中国新农村建设进程中,准确把握经济法所具有的体现政府意志与市场意志、尊重市场经济客观规律以及秉承可持续发展理念的内在特质,是实现经济法律关系重构目标的前提和基础。     

Optimal Ordering Policies for Inventory Problems With Dynamic Information Delays

Information delays exist when the most recent inventory information available to the Inventory Manager (IM) is dated. In other words, the IM observes only the inventory level that belongs to an earlier period. Such situations are not uncommon, and they arise when it takes a while to process the demand data and pass the results to the IM. We introduce dynamic information delays as a Markov process into the standard multiperiod stochastic inventory problem with backorders. We develop the concept of a reference inventory position. We show that this position along with the magnitude of the latest observed delay and the age of this observation are sufficient statistics for finding the optimal order quantities. Furthermore, we establish that the optimal ordering policy is of state‐dependent base‐stock type with respect to the reference inventory position (or state‐dependent (s, S) type if there is a fixed ordering cost). The optimal base stock and (s, S) levels depend on the magnitude of the latest observed delay and the age of this observation. Finally, we study the sensitivity of the optimal base stock and the optimal cost with respect to the sufficient statistics.     

Value-Based Routing and Preference-Based Routing in Customer Contact Centers

Telephone call centers and their generalizations—customer contact centers—usually handle several types of customer service requests (calls). Since customer service representatives (agents) have different call-handling abilities and are typically cross-trained in multiple skills, contact centers exploit skill-based routing (SBR) to assign calls to appropriate agents, aiming to respond properly as well as promptly. Established agent-staffing and SBR algorithms ensure that agents have the required call-handling skills and that call routing is performed so that constraints are met for standard congestion measures, such as the percentage of calls of each type that abandon before starting service and the percentage of answered calls of each type that are delayed more than a specified number of seconds. We propose going beyond traditional congestion measures to focus on the expected value derived from having particular agents handle various calls. Expected value might represent expected revenue or the likelihood of first-call resolution. Value might also reflect agent call-handling preferences. We show how value-based routing (VBR) and preference-based routing (PBR) can be introduced in the context of an existing SBR framework, based on static-priority routing using a highly-structured priority matrix, so that constraints are still met for standard congestion measures. Since an existing SBR framework is used to implement VBR and PBR, it is not necessary to replace the automatic call distributor (ACD). We show how mathematical programming can be used, with established staffing requirements, to find a desirable priority matrix. We select the priority matrix to use during a specified time interval (e.g., 30-minute period) by maximizing the total expected value over that time interval, subject to staffing constraints.     

礼貌问题的双边模式

中外学者对礼貌问题有过许多的研究,但几种主要研究似乎对涉及其中的交际双方有厚此薄彼之嫌。作者认为应对说话人一方的礼貌动机和语言,以及听话一方的礼貌实效给予同等的关注,即建立礼貌问题的双边模式。